JLPT N5 · Grammar
Highlighted parts are the fixed pieces of the pattern; the rest changes with the word you attach it to.
## What it means い-adjectives are describing words that tell you what something is like — big, small, tasty, boring. Almost every adjective ending in **い** belongs to this group, and the great thing is that these words can change form all on their own, without any extra help.
## When to use it Take the plain form, like おいしい (tasty). For polite present tense, just add です: おいしいです. To say "not tasty," drop the final い and add くない: おいしくない. For the past ("was tasty"), drop the い and add かった: おいしかった. And for "was not tasty," drop the い and add くなかった: おいしくなかった. です itself never changes — the adjective is doing all the conjugating.
## Don't confuse it with It's easy to assume です controls the tense, the way it seems to with な-adjectives. It doesn't. A common beginner mistake is writing おいしいでした for "it was tasty" — that's wrong. The い-adjective must change to おいしかった, and です only gets added afterward for politeness (おいしかったです).
このラーメンは美味しいです。
This ramen is delicious.
今日はあまり寒くないです。
It's not very cold today.
昨日のテストは難しかったです。
Yesterday's test was hard.
この靴は高くなかったです。
These shoes weren't expensive.
あの犬は小さいですか。
Is that dog small?
先週はずっと忙しかったです。
I was busy all of last week.
この部屋はあまり広くないです。
This room isn't very spacious.
夏はいつも暑いです。
Summer is always hot.