JLPT N5 · Grammar
Highlighted parts are the fixed pieces of the pattern; the rest changes with the word you attach it to.
## What it means Counters are small words you attach to numbers when counting things in Japanese. Different kinds of things use different counters, similar to how English says "two slices" of bread or "three sheets" of paper, except in Japanese almost everything needs one.
## When to use it Some common counters: つ for general objects, 人 (にん) for people, 枚 for flat things like paper or tickets, 台 for machines and vehicles, and 冊 for books. Attach the counter right after the number, like 三枚 (three sheets) or 二台 (two vehicles). For general objects there's also a native counting set: ひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、よっつ、いつつ、むっつ、ななつ、やっつ、ここのつ、とお.
## Don't confuse it with A classic mistake is using つ to count people instead of 人. People have their own irregular readings for one and two: 一人 is ひとり and 二人 is ふたり, then from three onward it becomes regular, like 三人 (さんにん).
家族は四人です。
There are four people in my family.
紙を三枚ください。
Please give me three sheets of paper.
車が二台あります。
There are two cars.
本を五冊買いました。
I bought five books.
りんごを一つ食べました。
I ate one apple.
教室に学生が何人いますか。
How many students are in the classroom?
切符は一枚しかありません。
I only have one ticket.
兄が一人います。
I have one older brother.