動詞・形容詞で名詞を修飾する

## What it means This pattern lets you use a whole idea, like an action someone did or a description, to modify a noun, without needing any extra word for 'that' or 'which'. Think of it as squishing a whole mini-sentence in front of a noun to describe it.

## When to use it Use the **plain form** of a verb or adjective (not the polite -masu form) directly in front of the noun it describes. It works with verbs in any tense (見ている, 見た, 見ない), い-adjectives, and な-adjectives + な. The word order matches English, 'the movie [I watched last week]', but in Japanese the whole descriptive part comes **before** the noun: 先週見た映画.

## Don't confuse it with Beginners often try to insert a word for 'that/which', but Japanese needs none, just place the plain-form clause straight in front of the noun. The most common mistake is forgetting to switch from polite -masu/-desu forms to the **plain form** inside this kind of clause, even when the rest of the sentence is polite.